Openstack 之 API 使用

发表于

前言

本篇文章主要介绍 Openstack API 的使用，在此之前我们先简单介绍一下 Openstack 。

Openstack 是一个搭建云平台的一个 IAAS 解决方案，可以看成就是一个软件。openstack能干什么呢，可以搭建公有云，私有云，企业云。

Openstack组件包括：

  • Compute(代号为“Nova”)
    • 这个是最核心的，Nova最开始的时候，可以说是一套虚拟化管理程序，还可以管理网络和存储。
  • Identity(代号为“Keystone”)
    • 这是提供身份认证和授权的组件。任何系统，身份认证和授权，其实都比较复杂。尤其Openstack 那么庞大的项目，每个组件都需要使用统一认证和授权。
  • Dashboard(代号为“Horizon”)
    • 为所有OpenStack的服务提供了一个模块化的web-based用户界面。使用这个Web GUI，可以在云上完成大多数的操作，如启动实例，分配IP地址，设置访问控制等。
  • Image Service(代号为“Glance”)
    • 镜像管理。目前Glance的镜像存储，支持本地存储，NFS，swift，sheepdog和Ceph，基本是够用了。
      目前Glance的最大需求就是多个数据中心的镜像管理，如何复制，不过这个功能已经基本实现。还有就是租户私有的image管理，这些目前功能都已经实现。
  • Network(代号为“Quantum”)
    • 这是网络管理的组件，也是重头戏，Openstack的未来，基本都要靠quantum。Quantum 后端可以是商业产品或者开源。开源产品支持Openvswitch，和linux bridge。网络设备厂商都在积极参与，让他们的产品支持Quantum。
  • Object Storage(代号为“Swift”)
    • 对象存储组件，不是存储虚拟机的。
  • Block Storage(代号为“Cinder”)
    • 这是存储管理的组件。Cinder存储管理主要是指虚拟机的存储管理。

API 使用

一、获取 TOKEN 权限

  • 在使用各组件 API 之前，必须通过认证拿到token。从 token 的结果中可以看到各组件 API 的 ip 入口。

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    $ curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json"  -d 
    '{
        "auth":{
                 "passwordCredentials":
                 {
                    "username": "admin",
                    "password":"xxxxxxxxx"
                  },
         "tenantName":"admin"            
           }
    }' "http://172.20.31.10:35357/v2.0/tokens"

    {
        "access": {
            "metadata": {
                "is_admin": 0,
                "roles": [
                    "3fc758f9421249deb277db9fe1521b30",
                    "e4bbc640275b41869a0b3e6c6316b61f"
                ]
            },
            "serviceCatalog": [
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8780",
                            "id": "36568a30d4b9451eaa2af8a0be3a01d0",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8780",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8780",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "placement",
                    "type": "placement"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:9696",
                            "id": "4acd2d071f7149cb9da46a6ace3b40db",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:9696",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:9696",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "neutron",
                    "type": "network"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v2/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "id": "363a810c9bfe4381bf4a6daeedced071",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v2/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v2/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "cinderv2",
                    "type": "volumev2"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v3/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "id": "9f13a94e8ff4484795c1f87dfe08c0d1",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v3/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v3/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "cinderv3",
                    "type": "volumev3"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8042",
                            "id": "d30e0cd250794c089954322d7592ce20",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8042",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8042",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "aodh",
                    "type": "alarming"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8041",
                            "id": "12e3c6d69c7c45d5a5f2989c9516142b",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8041",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8041",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "gnocchi",
                    "type": "metric"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "id": "034b40f84cf84f3eb1fbf0f8b24e5e16",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "nova_legacy",
                    "type": "compute_legacy"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8000/v1",
                            "id": "14dbbc32cdec4cc780bf7ec5c49ce255",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8000/v1",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8000/v1",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "heat-cfn",
                    "type": "cloudformation"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8777",
                            "id": "564d882201004adab6cc9139320417b7",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8777",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8777",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "ceilometer",
                    "type": "metering"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "id": "7bc2ab9c836e42d7825b32ec1dd947a2",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8776/v1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "cinder",
                    "type": "volume"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8004/v1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "id": "11f6ba6343e342538a066fb8e2afed0c",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8004/v1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8004/v1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "heat",
                    "type": "orchestration"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2.1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "id": "7019da3f53094e298f99c992dfd9cfc7",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2.1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2.1/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "nova",
                    "type": "compute"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:9292",
                            "id": "23742c0e49bd4702a68436b7b9a3d124",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:9292",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:9292",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "glance",
                    "type": "image"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8977",
                            "id": "2323e2f4367c4a21b31e0063f8d0c7f5",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8977",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:8977",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "panko",
                    "type": "event"
                },
                {
                    "endpoints": [
                        {
                            "adminURL": "http://172.20.31.10:35357/v3",
                            "id": "6f51ba03f943453e893e93f1f4fb9ad3",
                            "internalURL": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3",
                            "publicURL": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3",
                            "region": "RegionOne"
                        }
                    ],
                    "endpoints_links": [],
                    "name": "keystone",
                    "type": "identity"
                }
            ],
            "token": {
                "audit_ids": [
                    "dTqX8utbQVKjekNznu5HSA"
                ],
                "expires": "2019-06-18T00:47:30.000000Z",
                "id": "gAAAAABc_aiiuPpu6EelJCHVsEYjYXd1qy-jzOdXxjQ9CuqoZO_nd7bPjLTAow_0Sl7xkJC6kFHYiTGC9GLLtudZTunXtanTxRUGUrUF8VvQ7Cpi465GtYvOM-_yQYOPG8xgA5tyVIDRKz0V7W6tDi1-Ph07Dkj1HJ08iQxxxxxxxxxxxxxx",
                "issued_at": "2019-06-10T00:47:30.000000Z",
                "tenant": {
                    "description": "Bootstrap project for initializing the cloud.",
                    "enabled": true,
                    "id": "1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                    "name": "admin"
                }
            },
            "user": {
                "id": "0d858f861c3140a5a31078eb0cbe6def",
                "name": "admin",
                "roles": [
                    {
                        "name": "heat_stack_owner"
                    },
                    {
                        "name": "admin"
                    }
                ],
                "roles_links": [],
                "username": "admin"
            }
        }
    }

二、nova 组件API

  • 获取所有虚拟机(server)，注意：这里使用的是 admin 项目获取的 token，所以要看到所有项目的虚拟机，需要加 all_tenants=true，下面我只需要特定项目的所有机器，所以使用 project_id=xxx。

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    $ curl -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token: gAAAAABc9i2PAdWo-4MWE-kcVPDazv8rNLBxBB9UK8-X6kXA3mi8PLDm10cQpI-Fr7Yo1F-J2NiPTEAWcEKQvtDO2_MPghr0cvblaDuVifuRpfqYqKG_SXE3E5m_zUqU8KhjfiQOmaKUJq2tx4JpuDqcsoK0viAxxxxxx" "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2.1/servers/detail?all_tenants=true&project_id=4bf9b1cc0cb748a88b8526655734da2c" -s | python -m json.tool

    {
        "servers": [
            {
                "OS-DCF:diskConfig": "MANUAL",
                "OS-EXT-AZ:availability_zone": "nova",
                "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:host": "rg5-ostack005.cloud.hfb3.iflytek.net",
                "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:hypervisor_hostname": "rg5-ostack005.cloud.hfb3.iflytek.net",
                "OS-EXT-SRV-ATTR:instance_name": "instance-00001570",
                "OS-EXT-STS:power_state": 1,
                "OS-EXT-STS:task_state": null,
                "OS-EXT-STS:vm_state": "active",
                "OS-SRV-USG:launched_at": "2019-06-05T13:08:53.000000",
                "OS-SRV-USG:terminated_at": null,
                "accessIPv4": "",
                "accessIPv6": "",
                "addresses": {
                    "Classical_Network_2": [
                        {
                            "OS-EXT-IPS-MAC:mac_addr": "fa:16:3e:a9:51:c1",
                            "OS-EXT-IPS:type": "fixed",
                            "addr": "172.20.35.27",
                            "version": 4
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "config_drive": "True",
                "created": "2019-06-05T13:08:44Z",
                "flavor": {
                    "id": "f7e1c2a5-167c-4e1d-8de8-0a0034b8796c",
                    "links": [
                        {
                            "href": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/flavors/f7e1c2a5-167c-4e1d-8de8-0a0034b8796c",
                            "rel": "bookmark"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "hostId": "59cc48a230b88736c992262b7b481c5fd3d01dce2ea2048ca60a6416",
                "id": "a48a86e7-547b-4f3c-be5f-9c9bf29e2034",
                "image": {
                    "id": "b1c6d306-0eee-433d-b7f3-3d7946033eff",
                    "links": [
                        {
                            "href": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/images/b1c6d306-0eee-433d-b7f3-3d7946033eff",
                            "rel": "bookmark"
                        }
                    ]
                },
                "key_name": null,
                "links": [
                    {
                        "href": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2.1/servers/a48a86e7-547b-4f3c-be5f-9c9bf29e2034",
                        "rel": "self"
                    },
                    {
                        "href": "http://172.20.31.10:8774/servers/a48a86e7-547b-4f3c-be5f-9c9bf29e2034",
                        "rel": "bookmark"
                    }
                ],
                "metadata": {},
                "name": "2019.6.5-No.01",
                "os-extended-volumes:volumes_attached": [
                    {
                        "id": "8eda595f-f83b-48f0-9aef-5c327ba489f2"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "7a1632ae-f1ae-406c-a5a7-ccd5de377256"
                    },
                    {
                        "id": "7261e9e4-1781-4263-9a97-f7d86330ff1c"
                    }
                ],
                "progress": 0,
                "security_groups": [
                    {
                        "name": "default"
                    }
                ],
                "status": "ACTIVE",
                "tenant_id": "4bf9b1cc0cb748a88b8526655734da2c",
                "updated": "2019-06-05T13:08:53Z",
                "user_id": "49883c026fdf4cfeb5c660393f996973"
            },
            ...

  • 获取所有物理机信息(hypervisors）

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    $ curl -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token: gAAAAABc9i2PAdWo-4MWE-kcVPDazv8rNLBxBB9UK8-X6kXA3mi8PLDm10cQpI-Fr7Yo1F-J2NiPTEAWcEKQvtDO2_MPghr0cvblaDuVifuRpfqYqKG_SXE3E5m_zUqU8KhjfiQOmaKUJq2tx4JpuDqcsoK0viAB5mxxxxx"  "http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2.1/os-hypervisors" -s | python -m json.tool

    {
        "hypervisors": [
            {
                "hypervisor_hostname": "rg5-ostack003.cloud.hfb3.iflytek.net",
                "id": 4,
                "state": "up",
                "status": "enabled"
            },
            {
                "hypervisor_hostname": "rg5-ostack012.cloud.hfb3.iflytek.net",
                "id": 7,
                "state": "up",
                "status": "enabled"
            },
            ...
        ]
    }

三、Keystone 组件 API

  • 获取所有项目

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    $ curl -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token: gAAAAABc9i2PAdWo-4MWE-kcVPDazv8rNLBxBB9UK8-X6kXA3mi8PLDm10cQpI-Fr7Yo1F-J2NiPTEAWcEKQvtDO2_MPghr0cvblaDuVifuRpfqYqKG_SXE3E5m_zUqU8KhjfiQOmaKUJq2tx4JpuDqcsoK0viAB5mi3XrcXxxxxxxxxx"  "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/projects" -s | python -m json.tool 
    {
        "links": {
            "next": null,
            "previous": null,
            "self": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/projects"
        },
            {
                "description": "Bootstrap project for initializing the cloud.",
                "domain_id": "default",
                "enabled": true,
                "id": "1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4",
                "is_domain": false,
                "links": {
                    "self": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/projects/1bdf602d2e9d484fa8e645eeb2f7faa4"
                },
                "name": "admin",
                "parent_id": "default"
            },
            {
                "description": "",
                "domain_id": "default",
                "enabled": true,
                "id": "4bf9b1cc0cb748a88b8526655734da2c",
                "is_domain": false,
                "links": {
                    "self": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/projects/4bf9b1cc0cb748a88b8526655734da2c"
                },
                "name": "zazhao",
                "parent_id": "default"
            },
            ...
           
        ]
    }

  • 获取所有用户

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    $ curl -X GET -H "X-Auth-Token: gAAAAABc9i2PAdWo-4MWE-kcVPDazv8rNLBxBB9UK8-X6kXA3mi8PLDm10cQpI-Fr7Yo1F-J2NiPTEAWcEKQvtDO2_MPghr0cvblaDuVifuRpfqYqKG_SXE3E5m_zUqU8KhjfiQOmaKUJq2tx4JpuDqcsoK0viAB5mi3Xrxxxxxxxxxxxx"  "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/users" -s | python -m json.tool
    {
        "links": {
            "next": null,
            "previous": null,
            "self": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/users"
        },
        "users": [
            {
                "description": "",
                "domain_id": "default",
                "email": "",
                "enabled": true,
                "id": "003f4fc6c5264b53ae04bd9142800ebd",
                "links": {
                    "self": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/users/003f4fc6c5264b53ae04bd9142800ebd"
                },
                "name": "xiangxia",
                "options": {},
                "password_expires_at": null
            },
            {
                "description": "",
                "domain_id": "default",
                "email": "",
                "enabled": true,
                "id": "016745db50bd45bb9c390362dc998fee",
                "links": {
                    "self": "http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/users/016745db50bd45bb9c390362dc998fee"
                },
                "name": "xqxie3",
                "options": {},
                "password_expires_at": null
            },
    ...

Python 处理 API 输出

通过 API 拿到 json 格式的信息后，我们就可以使用python 来处理格式化了，python 处理 json 文件就是处理字典。下面简单写个例子：

  • 更新 token 文件，通过 shell 脚本实现

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    $ curl -X POST  http://172.20.31.10:35357/v2.0/tokens -H "Content-Type: application/json"   -d '{"auth":{"passwordCredentials":{"username": "admin","password":"xxxxxxxxxx"},"tenantName":"admin"}}' | python -m json.tool  > token-tmp.txt

  • 使用上述 shell 脚本 更新token，并更新 获取的server 和 user 信息，

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    import subprocess
    import json

    ## get token
    cmd_token = "/usr/bin/sh /home/dlp/mudu/scripts/openstack/curl-api/get-token.sh"
    sub_token = subprocess.Popen(cmd_token, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
    with open("/home/dlp/mudu/scripts/openstack/curl-api/token-tmp.txt",'r') as token_f:
            token_temp = json.loads(token_f.read())
    for i in range(len(token_temp)):
            token = token_temp['access']['token']['id']
    #       print token

    ## update server and user file

    cmd_uuser = "curl -X GET -H \"X-Auth-Token: " + token + "\"  \"http://172.20.31.10:5000/v3/users\" -s | python -m json.tool > /home/dlp/mudu/scripts/openstack/curl-api/user-source "
    cmd_userver = "curl -X GET -H \"X-Auth-Token: " + token + "\"  \"http://172.20.31.10:8774/v2.1/servers/detail?all_tenants=true&project_id=4bf9b1cc0cb748a88b8526655734da2c\" -s | python -m json.tool > /home/dlp/mudu/scripts/openstack/curl-api/server-source "

    sub_uuser = subprocess.Popen(cmd_uuser, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
    sub_userver = subprocess.Popen(cmd_userver, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)

  • 格式化 获取到的信息，将 用户 和 虚拟机 对应输出。

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    import json
    import collections
    import subprocess
    servers_dict = {}

    ## get servers and user_id
    with open("/home/dlp/mudu/scripts/openstack/curl-api/server-source",'r') as server_f:
    	server_temp = json.loads(server_f.read())
    for i in range(len(server_temp['servers'])):
    #	print i
    	addrtemp = server_temp['servers'][i]['addresses'].values()
    	servers_dict[i] = {"ip":addrtemp[0][0]['addr'].encode('utf-8'),"user_id":server_temp['servers'][i]['user_id'].encode('utf-8')}
    #	print addtemp[0][0]['addr']
    #	print temp['servers'][i]['user_id']
    	#print servers_dict[0]


    ## get users and  set group
    with open("/home/dlp/mudu/scripts/openstack/curl-api/user-source",'r') as user_f:
            user_temp = json.loads(user_f.read())
    for i in range(len(user_temp['users'])):
    	#print user_temp['users'][i]['name']
    	#print user_temp['users'][i]['id']
    	for j in servers_dict:
    		#print servers_dict[j]['user_id']
    		if user_temp['users'][i]['id'] == servers_dict[j]['user_id']:
    			servers_dict[j]["username"] = user_temp['users'][i]['name'].encode('utf-8')
    			cmd = "id " + user_temp['users'][i]['name'].encode('utf-8') + "  | awk '{print $2}' | awk '{match($0,/\([^()]*\)/);print substr($0,RSTART+1,RLENGTH-2)}'"
    			sub = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
    			servers_dict[j]["group"] = sub.stdout.read().strip('\n')
    			print servers_dict[j]

参考